Occupational Wages Survey 2018
Philippines, 2018 - 2019
Reference ID
PHL-PSA-OWS-2018-V2.0
Producer(s)
Philippine Statistics Authority (PSA),
Collection(s)
Metadata
Created on
Jun 19, 2023
Last modified
Jun 19, 2023
Page views
3824
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Identification
Title
Occupational Wages Survey 2018
Countries
| Name | Abbreviation |
|---|---|
| Philippines | PHL |
idno
PHL-PSA-OWS-2018-V2.0
Study notes
A. Objective/s of the Survey
The Occupational Wages Survey (OWS) aims to generate statistics for wage and salary administration and for wage determination in collective bargaining negotiations.
B. Uses of the Data
Statistics on wage rates are useful economic indicators and are inputs to wage, income, productivity and price policies, wage fixing and collective bargaining. Specifically, occupational wage rates can be used to measure wage differentials, wage inequality in typical low wage and high wage occupations and for international comparability. Industry data on basic pay and allowance can be used to measure wage differentials across industries, for investment decisions and as reference in periodic adjustments of minimum wages.
C. Main Topics Covered by the Survey
Main topics covered by the survey are occupational wage rates, median basic pay and median allowances of time-rated workers on full-time basis.
The Occupational Wages Survey (OWS) aims to generate statistics for wage and salary administration and for wage determination in collective bargaining negotiations.
B. Uses of the Data
Statistics on wage rates are useful economic indicators and are inputs to wage, income, productivity and price policies, wage fixing and collective bargaining. Specifically, occupational wage rates can be used to measure wage differentials, wage inequality in typical low wage and high wage occupations and for international comparability. Industry data on basic pay and allowance can be used to measure wage differentials across industries, for investment decisions and as reference in periodic adjustments of minimum wages.
C. Main Topics Covered by the Survey
Main topics covered by the survey are occupational wage rates, median basic pay and median allowances of time-rated workers on full-time basis.
Kind of data
Sample survey data [ssd]
Unit of analysis
The statistical unit is the establishment. Each unit is classified to an industry that reflects its main economic activity---the activity that contributes the biggest or major portion of the gross income or revenues of the establishment.
Version
Version
V2.0: Final dataset for official estimates (April 2023)
Version date
2020-05-22
Scope
Topics
| Topic | Vocabulary | URI |
|---|---|---|
| Labour | Philippine Statistics Authority |
Coverage
Geographic coverage
National coverage with 17 administrative regions:
National Capital Region
Cordillera Administrative Region
Region I - Ilocos Region
Region II - Cagayan Valley Region
Region III - Central Luzon
Region IV-A - CALABARZON
MIMAROPA Region
Region V - Bicol Region
Region VI - Western Visayas Region
Region VII - Central Visayas Region
Region VIII - Eastern Visayas Region
Region IX - Zamboanga Peninsula
Region X - Northern Mindanao
Region XI - Davao Region
Region XII - SOCCSKSARGEN
Region XIII - Caraga Region
Autonomous Region in Muslim Mindanao
National Capital Region
Cordillera Administrative Region
Region I - Ilocos Region
Region II - Cagayan Valley Region
Region III - Central Luzon
Region IV-A - CALABARZON
MIMAROPA Region
Region V - Bicol Region
Region VI - Western Visayas Region
Region VII - Central Visayas Region
Region VIII - Eastern Visayas Region
Region IX - Zamboanga Peninsula
Region X - Northern Mindanao
Region XI - Davao Region
Region XII - SOCCSKSARGEN
Region XIII - Caraga Region
Autonomous Region in Muslim Mindanao
Unit of analysis
The statistical unit is the establishment. Each unit is classified to an industry that reflects its main economic activity---the activity that contributes the biggest or major portion of the gross income or revenues of the establishment.
Universe
Covered agricultural and non-agricultural industries EXCEPT central banking, public administration and defense and compulsory social security; retail sale via stalls and markets, jeepney and Asian Utility Vehicle (AUV) operation; tricycles, calesas, pedicabs operations; public education services; public medical, dental and other health services; cockpits operation activities, musical band or band in operation during fiestas; activities of membership organizations; activities of households as employers of domestic personnel; undifferentiated goods-and-services-producing activities of households for own use; and activities of extra-territorial organizations and bodies. For purposes of monitoring occupational wage rates, 60 industries were pre-determined out of the 70 covered by the survey.
Producers and sponsors
Funding agencies
| Name | Abbreviation | Role |
|---|---|---|
| Government of the Philippines | GOP | Full funding |
Sampling
Sampling procedure
Survey universe/Sampling frame:
The frame for the 2018 OWS was extracted from the 2017 updated List of Establishments (LE) as of 28 March 2018. This frame was used to draw the sample establishments for the survey. The updated 2017 LE is a result of the 2016 Updating of the List of Establishments (ULE) and 2017 ULE undertakings which were conducted to provide an updated sampling frame for the 2018 OWS and other establishment/enterprise-based surveys. Other sources of updates are the survey feedbacks from the 2017 Quarterly Survey of Philippine Business and Industry (QSPBI), 2016 Annual Survey of Philippine Business and Industry (ASPBI), 2016 Occupational Wages Survey (OWS) and 2015/2016 Integrated Survey on Labor and Employment (ISLE).
Sampling design:
The OWS uses stratified systematic sampling design with 2-digit, 3-digit, 4-digit and 5-digit PSIC serving as industry strata and total employment as the second stratification variable. Certainty stratum was considered in this survey round. A total of 8,602 sample establishments were considered as certainty units. On the other hand, the sample sizes of the remaining 58 industry groups in the non-certainty stratum (20-99 employment size) were computed taking into account the computed highest Coefficient of Variation (CV) between the average wage rates of two benchmark occupations, i.e. Accounting and Bookkeeping Clerks and Unskilled Workers from the previous survey round of OWS and a target coefficient of variation (CV) of 4%. Geographical location was not considered in the stratification to allow for detailed industry groupings.
Sample Size:
For 2018 OWS, the number of establishments covered was 16,506.
Note: For complete Survey Design, refer to Survey Metadata and Field Operations Manual (Chapter 2).
The frame for the 2018 OWS was extracted from the 2017 updated List of Establishments (LE) as of 28 March 2018. This frame was used to draw the sample establishments for the survey. The updated 2017 LE is a result of the 2016 Updating of the List of Establishments (ULE) and 2017 ULE undertakings which were conducted to provide an updated sampling frame for the 2018 OWS and other establishment/enterprise-based surveys. Other sources of updates are the survey feedbacks from the 2017 Quarterly Survey of Philippine Business and Industry (QSPBI), 2016 Annual Survey of Philippine Business and Industry (ASPBI), 2016 Occupational Wages Survey (OWS) and 2015/2016 Integrated Survey on Labor and Employment (ISLE).
Sampling design:
The OWS uses stratified systematic sampling design with 2-digit, 3-digit, 4-digit and 5-digit PSIC serving as industry strata and total employment as the second stratification variable. Certainty stratum was considered in this survey round. A total of 8,602 sample establishments were considered as certainty units. On the other hand, the sample sizes of the remaining 58 industry groups in the non-certainty stratum (20-99 employment size) were computed taking into account the computed highest Coefficient of Variation (CV) between the average wage rates of two benchmark occupations, i.e. Accounting and Bookkeeping Clerks and Unskilled Workers from the previous survey round of OWS and a target coefficient of variation (CV) of 4%. Geographical location was not considered in the stratification to allow for detailed industry groupings.
Sample Size:
For 2018 OWS, the number of establishments covered was 16,506.
Note: For complete Survey Design, refer to Survey Metadata and Field Operations Manual (Chapter 2).
Deviations from sample design
Not all of the distributed questionnaires are retrieved or have a status of “good” questionnaire. During data collection, there are reports of permanent closures, non-location, duplicate listing and shifts in industry and employment outside the survey coverage. Establishments that fall in these categories are not eligible elements of the frame and their count is not considered in the estimation. Non-responding eligible units are made up of refusals, strikes or temporary closures, under new management, consolidated reports with other sample establishments and those establishments whose questionnaires contain inconsistent responses and have not replied to the verification queries by the time output table generation commences.
Response rate
The response rate in terms of eligible units was 84.75%.
Weighting
According to Kalton and Flores-Cervantes, weighting adjustments are commonly applied in surveys to compensate for non-response and non-coverage, and to make weighted sample estimates conform to external values (Weighting Methods, Journal of Official Statistics, Vol. 19, No. 2, 2003, pp. 81-97)
Not all of the fielded questionnaires are accomplished. During data collection, there are reports of permanent closures, non-location, duplicate listing and shifts in industry and employment outside the survey coverage. Establishments that fall in these categories are not eligible elements of the frame and their count is not considered in the estimation. Non-respondents are made up of refusals, strikes or temporary closures, and those establishments whose questionnaires contain inconsistent item responses and have not replied to the verification queries by the time output table generation commences.
Respondents are post-stratified as to geographic, industry and employment size classifications. Non-respondents are retained in their classifications.
Sample values of basic pay and allowances for the monitored occupations whose basis of payment is an hour or a day are converted into a standard monthly equivalent, assuming 313 working days and 8 hours per day. Daily rate x 26.08333; Hourly rate x 208.66667.
Estimates are obtained by simple expansion, i.e., by multiplying the sample values at the cell level (industry and employment size) by the corresponding blowing-up factor which is the ratio of the estimated population of establishments to the number of responding establishments. These estimates are then aggregated to the desired totals.
Dividing the estimated total basic pay (or total allowances) in each occupation by the corresponding estimate of time-rate workers on full-time basis results to the average monthly basic pay or average monthly allowances as the case may be. The monthly average basic pay and monthly average allowances are then summed up to provide the average monthly wage rates by occupation.
The median monthly basic pay is computed from the estimated distribution of workers by monthly basic pay. On the other hand, the median monthly allowance is computed only for those workers reported with allowances.
A 95% level of reliability for national survey estimates is desired. It is to be assessed through the coefficients of variation (CVs) of population ratio for average monthly wage rates.
Not all of the fielded questionnaires are accomplished. During data collection, there are reports of permanent closures, non-location, duplicate listing and shifts in industry and employment outside the survey coverage. Establishments that fall in these categories are not eligible elements of the frame and their count is not considered in the estimation. Non-respondents are made up of refusals, strikes or temporary closures, and those establishments whose questionnaires contain inconsistent item responses and have not replied to the verification queries by the time output table generation commences.
Respondents are post-stratified as to geographic, industry and employment size classifications. Non-respondents are retained in their classifications.
Sample values of basic pay and allowances for the monitored occupations whose basis of payment is an hour or a day are converted into a standard monthly equivalent, assuming 313 working days and 8 hours per day. Daily rate x 26.08333; Hourly rate x 208.66667.
Estimates are obtained by simple expansion, i.e., by multiplying the sample values at the cell level (industry and employment size) by the corresponding blowing-up factor which is the ratio of the estimated population of establishments to the number of responding establishments. These estimates are then aggregated to the desired totals.
Dividing the estimated total basic pay (or total allowances) in each occupation by the corresponding estimate of time-rate workers on full-time basis results to the average monthly basic pay or average monthly allowances as the case may be. The monthly average basic pay and monthly average allowances are then summed up to provide the average monthly wage rates by occupation.
The median monthly basic pay is computed from the estimated distribution of workers by monthly basic pay. On the other hand, the median monthly allowance is computed only for those workers reported with allowances.
A 95% level of reliability for national survey estimates is desired. It is to be assessed through the coefficients of variation (CVs) of population ratio for average monthly wage rates.
Data Collection
Dates of collection
| Start | End | Cycle |
|---|---|---|
| 2018-09-17 | 2019-06-27 |
Time period(s)
| Start | End | Cycle |
|---|---|---|
| 2018-08-31 |
Mode of data collection
Self-Administered, Face-to-face [f2f] and Mailed
Data collection supervision
The personnel from the PSA Field Offices supervised the data collectors/enumerators in their respective regions. In provinces/areas where there were relatively many establishments to be covered, area supervisors were hired to assist the regional staff in the supervision of data collection activities.
Note: Refer to Field Operations Manual Chapter 5: Operational Strategy.
Note: Refer to Field Operations Manual Chapter 5: Operational Strategy.
Questionnaires
The questionnaire is made up of several parts as follows:
Cover page (Page 1)
This contains a brief introduction of the survey and the assurance of confidentiality of data collected from the survey; the address box, contact particulars for assistance, spaces for changes in the name and the location of sample establishment, spaces for head office information in case the questionnaire is endorsed to it, and status codes of the establishment to be accomplished by PSA and its field personnel.
Survey Information (Page 2 to 3)
This contains the survey objective, scope of the survey, uses of the data, confidentiality clause, legal authority, coverage, periodicity and reference period, concepts and definition of terms, due date for accomplishing the form and availability of results of the 2018 OWS. Details on the coverage of data to report in this questionnaire based on the legal organization (LO) and economic organization (EO) of the establishment were also included in this part to guide respondents on the coverage of information to report.
Part A: General Information (Page 4 to 5)
This inquires on the main economic activity and major products/goods produced or sold or type of service rendered, LO and EO of the establishment and total employment;
Part B: Employment and Wage Rates of Time-Rated Workers on Full-Time Basis (Page 6 to 7)
This inquires data on the number of time-rated workers on full-time basis by time unit (hour, day or month) and by basic pay and allowance intervals disaggregated by sex.;
Part C: Employment and Wage Rates of Time-Rated Workers on Full-Time Basis in Selected Occupations (Page 8 to 13)
For each occupation covered, the establishment is asked to report the time unit of work (hourly, daily, monthly), corresponding basic pay per worker and number of full-time workers for each basic pay reported. Similar data are also asked for workers in the occupation that are given regular allowances. The total number of time-rate workers on full-time basis disaggregated by sex in each monitored occupation is likewise requested;
Part D: Certification (Page 14)
This part is provided for the respondent's name and signature, position, and telephone/fax numbers and e-mail address; time spent in answering the questionnaire; and comments or suggestions (on the data it provided for the survey, results of previous survey round and improvements on the design/contents of the questionnaire);
Part E: Survey Personnel (Page 14)
This portion is allocated for the names of personnel involved in collection, editing, review and assessed (if applicable) of each questionnaire and dates when the activities were completed;
Part F: Industries with Selected Occupations (Page 15)
This lists the selected 60 industries whose occupational employment and wage rates are being monitored; and
Survey Results (Page 16)
This contains selected statistics from the 2014 and 2016 OWS are presented for information and reference of the establishment.
Note: Refer to Questionnaire and Occupational Sheets for the List of Monitored Occupations.
Cover page (Page 1)
This contains a brief introduction of the survey and the assurance of confidentiality of data collected from the survey; the address box, contact particulars for assistance, spaces for changes in the name and the location of sample establishment, spaces for head office information in case the questionnaire is endorsed to it, and status codes of the establishment to be accomplished by PSA and its field personnel.
Survey Information (Page 2 to 3)
This contains the survey objective, scope of the survey, uses of the data, confidentiality clause, legal authority, coverage, periodicity and reference period, concepts and definition of terms, due date for accomplishing the form and availability of results of the 2018 OWS. Details on the coverage of data to report in this questionnaire based on the legal organization (LO) and economic organization (EO) of the establishment were also included in this part to guide respondents on the coverage of information to report.
Part A: General Information (Page 4 to 5)
This inquires on the main economic activity and major products/goods produced or sold or type of service rendered, LO and EO of the establishment and total employment;
Part B: Employment and Wage Rates of Time-Rated Workers on Full-Time Basis (Page 6 to 7)
This inquires data on the number of time-rated workers on full-time basis by time unit (hour, day or month) and by basic pay and allowance intervals disaggregated by sex.;
Part C: Employment and Wage Rates of Time-Rated Workers on Full-Time Basis in Selected Occupations (Page 8 to 13)
For each occupation covered, the establishment is asked to report the time unit of work (hourly, daily, monthly), corresponding basic pay per worker and number of full-time workers for each basic pay reported. Similar data are also asked for workers in the occupation that are given regular allowances. The total number of time-rate workers on full-time basis disaggregated by sex in each monitored occupation is likewise requested;
Part D: Certification (Page 14)
This part is provided for the respondent's name and signature, position, and telephone/fax numbers and e-mail address; time spent in answering the questionnaire; and comments or suggestions (on the data it provided for the survey, results of previous survey round and improvements on the design/contents of the questionnaire);
Part E: Survey Personnel (Page 14)
This portion is allocated for the names of personnel involved in collection, editing, review and assessed (if applicable) of each questionnaire and dates when the activities were completed;
Part F: Industries with Selected Occupations (Page 15)
This lists the selected 60 industries whose occupational employment and wage rates are being monitored; and
Survey Results (Page 16)
This contains selected statistics from the 2014 and 2016 OWS are presented for information and reference of the establishment.
Note: Refer to Questionnaire and Occupational Sheets for the List of Monitored Occupations.
Data collector(s)
| Name | Abbreviation | Affiliation |
|---|---|---|
| PSA Field Offices | PSA FOs | Philippine Statistics Authority |
| Labor Standards and Relations Statistics Division, Social Sector Statistics Service | PSA-SSO-SSSS-LSRSD | Philippine Statistics Authority |
Data Processing
Data editing
Data were manually and electronically processed in the PSA Provincial Offices. Upon collection of accomplished questionnaires, statistical researchers (SRs) performed field editing before leaving the establishments to ensure completeness, consistency and reasonableness of entries in accordance with the field operations manual. The questionnaires were again checked for data consistency and completeness by the field supervisors. When passed in the manual editing, the questionnaires were then turned over to machine processors for encoding and further validation.
The PSA-Central Office personnel undertook the final review, validation and scrutiny of aggregated results for coherence. Questionnaires with incomplete or inconsistent entries were verified to the establishments through the PSA Provincial Offices and/or or directly to them through e-mail/phone verification.
The PSA-Central Office personnel undertook the final review, validation and scrutiny of aggregated results for coherence. Questionnaires with incomplete or inconsistent entries were verified to the establishments through the PSA Provincial Offices and/or or directly to them through e-mail/phone verification.
Data Appraisal
Other forms of data appraisal
The survey results are checked for consistency with the results of previous OWS data and the minimum wage rates corresponding to the reference period of the survey.
Data access
Access authorities
| Name | Affiliation | URI | |
|---|---|---|---|
| National Statistician | Philippine Statistics Authority | info@psa.gov.ph | www.psa.gov.ph |
Access conditions
Authorization to use this data is granted only to the client or data user and persons within its organization, if applicable. Under no circumstances shall the client reproduce, distribute, sell or lend the entire data or parts thereof to any other data user apart from himself or that of authorized employees in his organization. The PSA shall hold the data user fully responsible for safeguarding the data from any unauthorized access or use.
Before being granted access to the dataset, all users have to formally agree:
1. To make no copies of any files or portions of files to which s/he is granted access except those authorized by the PSA.
2. Not to use any technique in an attempt to learn the identity of any person, establishment, or sampling unit not identified in the dataset.
3. To hold in strictest confidence the identification of any establishment or individual that may be inadvertently revealed in any documents or discussion, or analysis. Such inadvertent identification revealed in her/his analysis will be immediately be reported to the PSA.
(Specific method of requesting and acquiring data shall then be included.
Before being granted access to the dataset, all users have to formally agree:
1. To make no copies of any files or portions of files to which s/he is granted access except those authorized by the PSA.
2. Not to use any technique in an attempt to learn the identity of any person, establishment, or sampling unit not identified in the dataset.
3. To hold in strictest confidence the identification of any establishment or individual that may be inadvertently revealed in any documents or discussion, or analysis. Such inadvertent identification revealed in her/his analysis will be immediately be reported to the PSA.
(Specific method of requesting and acquiring data shall then be included.
Disclaimer and copyrights
Disclaimer
The data users/researchers acknowledge that the PSA and the agency funding the study bear(s) no liabilities and responsibilities for any particular, indirect, or consequential damages or any damages, whatsoever resulting from loss of use, or of data in connection with the use or for interpretations or inferences based upon such uses.
Copyrights
(c) 2020, Philippine Statistics Authority
contacts
Contact(s)
| Name | Affiliation | URI | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Knowledge Management and Communications Division | Philippine Statistics Authority | kmcd@psa.gov.ph | www.psa.gov.ph |
| Chief Statistical Specialist, Labor Standards and Relations Statistics Division | Philippine Statistics Authority | lsrsd.staff@psa.gov.ph | www.psa.gov.ph |