Family Income and Expenditure Survey 1994
Philippines, 1994 - 1995
Reference ID
PHL-NSO-1994FIES-v01
Producer(s)
Philippine Statistics Authority
Collection(s)
Metadata
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Sep 14, 2021
Last modified
Sep 15, 2021
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Identification
Title
Family Income and Expenditure Survey 1994
Countries
| Name | Abbreviation |
|---|---|
| Philippines | PHL |
idno
PHL-NSO-1994FIES-v01
Study notes
The 1994 Family Income and Expenditure Survey (FIES) is a nationwide survey of households undertaken by the National Statistics Office (NSO). Similar surveys were conducted in 1956-1957, 1961, 1965, 1971, 1975, 1979, 1985 and 1988. Like the previous surveys, this undertaking aims to accomplish the following primary objectives:
1. to gather data on family income and family living expenditures and related information affecting income and expenditure levels and patterns in the Philippines;
2. to determine the sources of income and income distribution, levels of living and spending patterns, and the degree of inequality among families;
3. to provide benchmark information to update weights for the estimation of consumer price index (CPI)
1. to gather data on family income and family living expenditures and related information affecting income and expenditure levels and patterns in the Philippines;
2. to determine the sources of income and income distribution, levels of living and spending patterns, and the degree of inequality among families;
3. to provide benchmark information to update weights for the estimation of consumer price index (CPI)
Unit of analysis
The reporting unit was the household which implied that the statistics emanating from this survey referred to the characteristics of the population residing in private households. Institutional population is not within the scope of the survey.
For FIES, the concept of family was used. A family consists of the household head, spouse, unmarried children, ever-married children, son-in-law/daughter-in-law, parents of the head/spouse and other relatives who are members of the household.
In addition, two or more persons not related to each other by blood, marriage or adoption are also considered in this survey. However, only the income and expenditure of the member who is considered as the household head are included.
For FIES, the concept of family was used. A family consists of the household head, spouse, unmarried children, ever-married children, son-in-law/daughter-in-law, parents of the head/spouse and other relatives who are members of the household.
In addition, two or more persons not related to each other by blood, marriage or adoption are also considered in this survey. However, only the income and expenditure of the member who is considered as the household head are included.
Version
Version
FIES Volume1: Data on Income and Expenditure
Scope
Topics
| Topic | Vocabulary | URI |
|---|---|---|
| consumption/consumer behaviour [1.1] | CESSDA | http://www.nesstar.org/rdf/common |
| income, property and investment/saving [1.5] | CESSDA | http://www.nesstar.org/rdf/common |
| employment [3.1] | CESSDA | http://www.nesstar.org/rdf/common |
| agricultural, forestry and rural industry [2.1] | CESSDA | http://www.nesstar.org/rdf/common |
| housing [10.1] | CESSDA | http://www.nesstar.org/rdf/common |
Keywords
| keyword | URI |
|---|---|
| TOTINC | |
| TOEXP |
Coverage
Geographic coverage
National, regional, 74 provinces, 24 cities and 8 key municipalities
Unit of analysis
The reporting unit was the household which implied that the statistics emanating from this survey referred to the characteristics of the population residing in private households. Institutional population is not within the scope of the survey.
For FIES, the concept of family was used. A family consists of the household head, spouse, unmarried children, ever-married children, son-in-law/daughter-in-law, parents of the head/spouse and other relatives who are members of the household.
In addition, two or more persons not related to each other by blood, marriage or adoption are also considered in this survey. However, only the income and expenditure of the member who is considered as the household head are included.
For FIES, the concept of family was used. A family consists of the household head, spouse, unmarried children, ever-married children, son-in-law/daughter-in-law, parents of the head/spouse and other relatives who are members of the household.
In addition, two or more persons not related to each other by blood, marriage or adoption are also considered in this survey. However, only the income and expenditure of the member who is considered as the household head are included.
Producers and sponsors
Funding agencies
| Name | Abbreviation | Role |
|---|---|---|
| Philippine Government |
Other acknowledgement(s)
| Name | Affiliation | Role | |
|---|---|---|---|
| National Statistical Coordination Board (NSCB) | provides the approval number found in the questionnaire. |
Sampling
Sampling procedure
The sampling design of the 1994 FIES adopts that of the Integrated Survey of Households (ISH), which uses a stratified two-stage cluster sampling design. It is prepared by the National Economic and Development Authority (NEDA) Technical Committee on Survey Design and first implemented in 1984. It is the same sampling design used in the ISH modules starting in 1986.
The urban and rural areas of each province are the principal domains of the survey. In addition, the urban and rural areas of cities with a population of 150,000 or more as of 1990 are also made domains of the survey with rural and urban dimensions. These include the four cities and five municipalities of Metro Manila (Manila, Quezon City, Pasay and Caloocan; Valenzuela, Parañaque, Pasig, Marikina and Makati), and other key cities such as Baguio, Angeles, Cabanatuan, Olongapo, Batangas, Lipa, Lucena, San Pablo, Bacolod, Iloilo, Cebu, Mandaue, Zamboanga, Butuan, Cagayan de Oro, Davao, General Santos, and Iligan and key municipalities such as San Fernando, Pampanga and Tarlac, Tarlac.
SAMPLING UNITS AND SAMPLING FRAME
The primary sampling units (PSUs) under the sample design are the barangays and the households within each sample barangay comprise the secondary sampling units (SSUs).
The frame from which the sample barangays are drawn is obtained from the 1990 Census of Population and Housing (CPH). Hence, all the approximately 40,000 barangays covered in the 1990 CPH are part of the primary sampling frame.
The sampling frame for the SSUs, that is, the households, is prepared by listing all households in each of the selected sample barangays. The listing operation is conducted regularly in the sample barangays to update the secondary sampling frame from where the sample households are selected.
SAMPLE SIZE AND SAMPLING FRACTION
The size of the sample is envisioned to meet the demand for fairly adequate statistics at the domain level. Taking this need into account and considering cost constraints as well, the decision reached is for a national sample of about 26,000 households.
In general, the sample design results in self-weighting samples within domains, with a uniform sampling fraction of 1:400 for urban and 1:600 for rural areas. However, special areas are assigned different sampling fractions so as to obtain "adequate" samples for each. Special areas refer to the urban and rural areas of a province or large city which are small relative to their counterparts.
SELECTION OF SAMPLES
For the purpose of selecting PSUs, the barangay in each domain are arranged by population size (as of the 1990 Census of Population) in descending order and then grouped into strata of approximately equal sizes. Four independent PSUs are drawn with probability proportional to size with complete replacement.
The urban and rural areas of each province are the principal domains of the survey. In addition, the urban and rural areas of cities with a population of 150,000 or more as of 1990 are also made domains of the survey with rural and urban dimensions. These include the four cities and five municipalities of Metro Manila (Manila, Quezon City, Pasay and Caloocan; Valenzuela, Parañaque, Pasig, Marikina and Makati), and other key cities such as Baguio, Angeles, Cabanatuan, Olongapo, Batangas, Lipa, Lucena, San Pablo, Bacolod, Iloilo, Cebu, Mandaue, Zamboanga, Butuan, Cagayan de Oro, Davao, General Santos, and Iligan and key municipalities such as San Fernando, Pampanga and Tarlac, Tarlac.
SAMPLING UNITS AND SAMPLING FRAME
The primary sampling units (PSUs) under the sample design are the barangays and the households within each sample barangay comprise the secondary sampling units (SSUs).
The frame from which the sample barangays are drawn is obtained from the 1990 Census of Population and Housing (CPH). Hence, all the approximately 40,000 barangays covered in the 1990 CPH are part of the primary sampling frame.
The sampling frame for the SSUs, that is, the households, is prepared by listing all households in each of the selected sample barangays. The listing operation is conducted regularly in the sample barangays to update the secondary sampling frame from where the sample households are selected.
SAMPLE SIZE AND SAMPLING FRACTION
The size of the sample is envisioned to meet the demand for fairly adequate statistics at the domain level. Taking this need into account and considering cost constraints as well, the decision reached is for a national sample of about 26,000 households.
In general, the sample design results in self-weighting samples within domains, with a uniform sampling fraction of 1:400 for urban and 1:600 for rural areas. However, special areas are assigned different sampling fractions so as to obtain "adequate" samples for each. Special areas refer to the urban and rural areas of a province or large city which are small relative to their counterparts.
SELECTION OF SAMPLES
For the purpose of selecting PSUs, the barangay in each domain are arranged by population size (as of the 1990 Census of Population) in descending order and then grouped into strata of approximately equal sizes. Four independent PSUs are drawn with probability proportional to size with complete replacement.
Response rate
The response rate is the ratio of the total responding households to the total number of eligible households. Eligible households include households who were completely interviewed, refused to be interviewed or were temporarily away or not at home or on vacation during the survey period.
Weighting
Sampling weights, or raising factors are applied to the data obtained from sample households in order to derive estimates for the population. These weights, or raising factors, are no more than the inverse of the joint probability of selection in the two stages of sample selection.
Since the sample is self-weighting within domains, each of the sample households in all of the strata of a given domain is given the same weight, or raising factor.
However, the basic sampling weights are adjusted to account for interview non-response through the introduction of a non-response adjustment factor applied at the domain level.
Since the sample is self-weighting within domains, each of the sample households in all of the strata of a given domain is given the same weight, or raising factor.
However, the basic sampling weights are adjusted to account for interview non-response through the introduction of a non-response adjustment factor applied at the domain level.
Data Collection
Dates of collection
| Start | End | Cycle |
|---|---|---|
| 1994-07-08 | 1994-07-31 | Visit 1 |
| 1995-01-06 | 1995-01-31 | Visit 2 |
Time period(s)
| Start | End | Cycle |
|---|---|---|
| 1994-01-01 | 1994-06-30 | Visit 1 - First Phase |
| 1994-07-01 | 1994-12-31 | Visit 1 - Second Phase |
Mode of data collection
Face-to-face [f2f]
Data collection supervision
The Regional Directors (RDs), Provincial statistical Officers (PSOs) , Provincial Statisticians and selected District Statistical Officers (DSOs)/ Statistical Coordination Officers (SCOs) are provided funds for supervision. It is expected that there should always be strict supervision on the conduct of the survey.
All field personnel who will supervise during the operation should prepare an itinerary of travel to insure effective and close supervision of the enumerators. A copy of the itinerary of travel should always be available in the field office so that in case some problems or other matters require the attention of a supervisor, then he can be located easily. Central Office (CO)personnel will also be assigned in the field during the enumeration and it will be important to contact the field staff to determine the status of the operation.
It is the responsibility of the supervisors to give prompt action to problems in the field. The RDs, PSOs and their assistants should visit enumerators (ENs) within their jurisdiction to find out for themselves if instructions are being followed.
During supervision, the following should be done:
1. Observe how the interview is being conducted. Errors noted should be pointed out to the ENs to avoid the same mistakes in succeeding interviews.
2. Scrutinize the accomplished questionnaires for correctness, completeness and consistency of entries and return the problem questionnaires to the ENs for verification of the incorrect entries.
3. Conduct a random re-interview of households/respondents to ensure that the ENs really visited and interviewed the sample households and eligible respondents.
4. Help solve problems encountered by enumerators such as refusals, callbacks and others.
5. Ensure that expected outputs of the ENs are met.
6. Ensure that the ENs who were trained were the ones conducting the interview.
7. Collect the questionnaires from the ENs as well as accomplishment reports.
8. Be available if the ENs need assistance in relation to the conduct of the surveys.
All field personnel who will supervise during the operation should prepare an itinerary of travel to insure effective and close supervision of the enumerators. A copy of the itinerary of travel should always be available in the field office so that in case some problems or other matters require the attention of a supervisor, then he can be located easily. Central Office (CO)personnel will also be assigned in the field during the enumeration and it will be important to contact the field staff to determine the status of the operation.
It is the responsibility of the supervisors to give prompt action to problems in the field. The RDs, PSOs and their assistants should visit enumerators (ENs) within their jurisdiction to find out for themselves if instructions are being followed.
During supervision, the following should be done:
1. Observe how the interview is being conducted. Errors noted should be pointed out to the ENs to avoid the same mistakes in succeeding interviews.
2. Scrutinize the accomplished questionnaires for correctness, completeness and consistency of entries and return the problem questionnaires to the ENs for verification of the incorrect entries.
3. Conduct a random re-interview of households/respondents to ensure that the ENs really visited and interviewed the sample households and eligible respondents.
4. Help solve problems encountered by enumerators such as refusals, callbacks and others.
5. Ensure that expected outputs of the ENs are met.
6. Ensure that the ENs who were trained were the ones conducting the interview.
7. Collect the questionnaires from the ENs as well as accomplishment reports.
8. Be available if the ENs need assistance in relation to the conduct of the surveys.
Questionnaires
Refer to the attached 1994 FIES questionnaire in pdf file (External Resources)
Data collector(s)
| Name | Abbreviation | Affiliation |
|---|---|---|
| Provincial regular staff | DSOs/SCOs | |
| Hired enumerators | Hired SRs |
Data Processing
Data editing
The 1994 FIES questionnaire contains about 800 data items and a guide for comparing income and expenditures.
and internal consistency.
Upon submission of the data diskettes containing first and second visit data, a summary file was extracted from the entire file through a computer program.
The questionnaires were further subjected to a rigorous manual and machine edit checks for completeness, arithmetic accuracy, range validity and internal consistency. Items failing any of the edit checks were either corrected automatically by the computer on the basis of pre-determined specifications or, when needed, examined in a clerical error-reconcillation operation.
The electronic data-processing (EDP) system developed by the NSO Data Processing Staff and used in the 1985 and 1988 FIES was generally adopted in processing the 1991 FIES with few modifications. There are thirteen (13) major steps in the machine processing of the 1991 FIES and these are as follows:
1. Data entry and verification
2. Structural editing (minor edit)
3. Edit list verification/correction
4. Update
5. Completeness check
6. Completeness check list verification/correction
7. Identification verification
8. Extraction of summary file for preliminary results
9. Matching of visit records (big edit)
10. Internal consistency checks (big edit)
11. Reject lists verification/correction
12. Update
13. Expansion
14. Tabulation
15. Generation of CPI weight tables
16. Variance analysis
Steps 1 to 8 were performed right after each visit while the remaining steps were carried out upon completion of the data collection for the first and second visits. Steps 1 to 7 were implemented at the regional offices. In addition, except for NCR, Region 3, 6, 7 and the province of Basilan, Sulu, Tawi-tawi and Zamboanga City which were handled by the Central Office. Steps 10 and 11 were likewise undertaken in the regional offices. The first pass of reject listings were sent to the regional offices for verification and correction/updates are sent back to the Central Office for data file updating. Meanwhile, steps 8, 9 and all the concluding steps were handles by the Central Office.
and internal consistency.
Upon submission of the data diskettes containing first and second visit data, a summary file was extracted from the entire file through a computer program.
The questionnaires were further subjected to a rigorous manual and machine edit checks for completeness, arithmetic accuracy, range validity and internal consistency. Items failing any of the edit checks were either corrected automatically by the computer on the basis of pre-determined specifications or, when needed, examined in a clerical error-reconcillation operation.
The electronic data-processing (EDP) system developed by the NSO Data Processing Staff and used in the 1985 and 1988 FIES was generally adopted in processing the 1991 FIES with few modifications. There are thirteen (13) major steps in the machine processing of the 1991 FIES and these are as follows:
1. Data entry and verification
2. Structural editing (minor edit)
3. Edit list verification/correction
4. Update
5. Completeness check
6. Completeness check list verification/correction
7. Identification verification
8. Extraction of summary file for preliminary results
9. Matching of visit records (big edit)
10. Internal consistency checks (big edit)
11. Reject lists verification/correction
12. Update
13. Expansion
14. Tabulation
15. Generation of CPI weight tables
16. Variance analysis
Steps 1 to 8 were performed right after each visit while the remaining steps were carried out upon completion of the data collection for the first and second visits. Steps 1 to 7 were implemented at the regional offices. In addition, except for NCR, Region 3, 6, 7 and the province of Basilan, Sulu, Tawi-tawi and Zamboanga City which were handled by the Central Office. Steps 10 and 11 were likewise undertaken in the regional offices. The first pass of reject listings were sent to the regional offices for verification and correction/updates are sent back to the Central Office for data file updating. Meanwhile, steps 8, 9 and all the concluding steps were handles by the Central Office.
Data Appraisal
Other forms of data appraisal
Please visit the NSO Website for the release of this survey, (http://www.census.gov.ph)
Data access
Access authorities
| Name | Affiliation | URI | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Income and Emplyment Statistics Division | National Statistics Office | iesdstaff@census.gov.ph | |
| Databank and Information Systems Division | National Statistics Office | info@census.gov.ph |
Access conditions
Authorization to use this data is granted only to the client or data user and persons within its organization, if applicable. Under no circumstances shall the client reproduce, distribute, sell or lend the entire data or parts thereof to any other data user apart from himself or that of authorized employees in his organization. The NSO shall hold the data user fully responsible for safeguarding the data from any unauthorized access or use.
Before being granted access to the dataset, all users have to formally agree:
1. To make no copies of any files or portions of files to which s/he is granted access except those authorized by the NSO.
2. Not to use any technique in an attempt to learn the identity of any person, establishment, or sampling unit not identified in the dataset.
3. To hold in strictest confidence the identification of any establishment or individual that may be inadvertently revealed in any documents or discussion, or analysis. Such inadvertent identification revealed in her/his analysis will be immediately be reported to the NSO.
Before being granted access to the dataset, all users have to formally agree:
1. To make no copies of any files or portions of files to which s/he is granted access except those authorized by the NSO.
2. Not to use any technique in an attempt to learn the identity of any person, establishment, or sampling unit not identified in the dataset.
3. To hold in strictest confidence the identification of any establishment or individual that may be inadvertently revealed in any documents or discussion, or analysis. Such inadvertent identification revealed in her/his analysis will be immediately be reported to the NSO.
Citation requirements
Any report, paper or similar articles, whether published or not, emanating from the use of this data shall give appropriate acknowledgement as suggested herein, “(Title of Census/Survey, version number and date), National Statistics Office, Manila, Philippines”, as the source of basic data. The data user or client is encouraged to provide NSO with a copy of such report, paper or article. It is understood that unless expressly allowed by the client, such report, paper or article shall not be used for any purpose other than monitoring.
Disclaimer and copyrights
Disclaimer
The NSO gives no warranty that the data are free from errors. Hence, the NSO shall not be held responsible for any loss or damage as a result of the client's manipulation or tabulation of the data.
Copyrights
The data user acknowledges that any available intellectual property rights, including copyright in the data are owned by the National Statistics Office.
contacts
Contact(s)
| Name | Affiliation | URI | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Chief, Income and Employment Statistics Division | National Statistics Office | iesd.staff@census.gov.ph | |
| Chief, Databank and Information Systems Division | National Statistics Office | info@census.gov.ph |