National Demographic and Health Survey 1998
Philippines, 1998
Reference ID
PHL-NSO-NDHS-1998-v1.0
Producer(s)
National Statistics Office
Metadata
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Sep 14, 2021
Last modified
Sep 14, 2021
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Identification
National Demographic and Health Survey 1998
Name | Abbreviation |
---|---|
Philippines | PHL |
PHL-NSO-NDHS-1998-v1.0
The 1998 National Demographic and Health Survey (NDHS) was a nationally representative survey of 13,983 women aged 15-49 years.
The primary objective of the NDHS is to provide up-to-date information on fertility levels; determinants of fertility; fertility preferences; infant and childhood mortality levels; awareness, approval, and use of family planning methods; breastfeeding practices; and maternal and child health. This information is intended to assist policy makers and program managers in evaluating and designing programs and strategies for improving health and family planning services in the country.
The primary objective of the NDHS is to provide up-to-date information on fertility levels; determinants of fertility; fertility preferences; infant and childhood mortality levels; awareness, approval, and use of family planning methods; breastfeeding practices; and maternal and child health. This information is intended to assist policy makers and program managers in evaluating and designing programs and strategies for improving health and family planning services in the country.
Sample survey data [ssd]
Women 15-49 years old
Version
v0.1: Basic raw data, obtained from data entry (before editing)
2010-03-09
Scope
Topic | Vocabulary | URI |
---|---|---|
childbearing, family planning and abortion [8.2] | CESSDA | http://www.nesstar.org/rdf/common |
fertility [14.2] | CESSDA | http://www.nesstar.org/rdf/common |
morbidity and mortality [14.4] | CESSDA | http://www.nesstar.org/rdf/common |
health care and medical treatment [8.5] | CESSDA | http://www.nesstar.org/rdf/common |
nutrition [8.7] | CESSDA | http://www.nesstar.org/rdf/common |
specific diseases and medical conditions [8.9] | CESSDA | http://www.nesstar.org/rdf/common |
Coverage
Philippines
Metro Manila
Cordilera Administrative Region
Ilocos Reion
Cagayan Valley
Central Luzon
Southern Tagalog
Bicol Region
Western Visayas
Central Visayas
Eastern Visayas
Western Mindanao
Northern Mindanao
Southern Mindanao
Central Midanao
Autonomous Region in Muslim Mindanao
Caraga
Urban
Rural
Metro Manila
Cordilera Administrative Region
Ilocos Reion
Cagayan Valley
Central Luzon
Southern Tagalog
Bicol Region
Western Visayas
Central Visayas
Eastern Visayas
Western Mindanao
Northern Mindanao
Southern Mindanao
Central Midanao
Autonomous Region in Muslim Mindanao
Caraga
Urban
Rural
Region
Women 15-49 years old
The survey covered all de jure household members (usual resident), all women 15-49 years old residents and visitors of the sample household. Persons who resided in institutions were not within the scope of the survey.
Producers and sponsors
Name | Affiliation | Role |
---|---|---|
Macro International Inc. | Technical assistance to the project through the DHS+ Program |
Name | Abbreviation | Role |
---|---|---|
United States Agency for International Development | USAID | Funding agency |
Department of Health | DOH | Funding assistance |
Name | Affiliation | Role | |
---|---|---|---|
Department of Health (DOH) | Philippine government | Provided technical inputs during the preparatory phase | |
University of the Philippines Population Institute (UPPI) | University of the Philippines | Provided technical inputs during the preparatory phase | |
Commission on the Population (POPCOM) | DOH | Provided technical inputs during the preparatory phase | |
Food and Nutrition Research Institute | DOH | Provided technical inputs during the preparatory phase |
Sampling
The 1998 NDHS aims at providing estimates for each of the sixteen regions of the country with an acceptable precision for socio-demographic characteristics like fertility, family planning use, and health and mortality indicators. The NDHS sample design consisted of selecting some 12,500 households in 755 enumeration areas (EAs) which was expected to produce completed interviews with approximately 15,000 women age 15-49. The sample was first allocated to each of the regions. Within each region, a self-weighting sampling scheme was adopted; however, due to the non-proportional allocation of the sample to the regions, the NDHS sample is not self-weighting at the national level and weighting factors have been applied to the data.
The 1998 NDHS sample is a sub-sample of the new master sample of the Integrated Survey of Households (ISH) of the NSO. The expanded sample of ISH consists of 3,416 enumeration areas selected from the 1995 census frame with a sophisticated design that allows for regional estimates with periodic rotation of panels. The ISH expanded sample was drawn by first, selecting barangays systematically with probability proportional to size. In barangays that consist of more than one EA, a subsequent step consisted of selecting the sample Elk systematically with probability proportional to size. Because the primary sampling units in the ISH were selected with probability proportional to size, the EAs for the NDHS were sub-selected from the ISH with equal probability to make the NDHS selection equivalent to selection with probability proportional to size. A total of 755 primary sampling units were utilized for the NDHS. Fieldwork in three sample EA was not possible, so a total of 752 EAs were covered.
The list of households based on the household listing operation conducted in all the NDHS sample points in November 1997 served as the frame for the selection of the NDHS sample households. A different scheme for selecting sample households was applied to urban and rural areas. A systematic sampling of households was carried out in urban areas in order to spread the NDHS sample throughout the sampled EA, while compact clustering was employed in rural areas in order to facilitate field operations. This was accomplished by taking a specified number of consecutive households starting with a household selected at random.
The 1998 NDHS sample is a sub-sample of the new master sample of the Integrated Survey of Households (ISH) of the NSO. The expanded sample of ISH consists of 3,416 enumeration areas selected from the 1995 census frame with a sophisticated design that allows for regional estimates with periodic rotation of panels. The ISH expanded sample was drawn by first, selecting barangays systematically with probability proportional to size. In barangays that consist of more than one EA, a subsequent step consisted of selecting the sample Elk systematically with probability proportional to size. Because the primary sampling units in the ISH were selected with probability proportional to size, the EAs for the NDHS were sub-selected from the ISH with equal probability to make the NDHS selection equivalent to selection with probability proportional to size. A total of 755 primary sampling units were utilized for the NDHS. Fieldwork in three sample EA was not possible, so a total of 752 EAs were covered.
The list of households based on the household listing operation conducted in all the NDHS sample points in November 1997 served as the frame for the selection of the NDHS sample households. A different scheme for selecting sample households was applied to urban and rural areas. A systematic sampling of households was carried out in urban areas in order to spread the NDHS sample throughout the sampled EA, while compact clustering was employed in rural areas in order to facilitate field operations. This was accomplished by taking a specified number of consecutive households starting with a household selected at random.
A total of 13,708 households were selected for the sample, of which 12,567 were occupied. Of these households occupied, 99 percent or 12,407 were successfully interviewed. The shortfall is primarily due to dwellings that were vacant or in which the inhabitants had leave for an extended period at the time they were visited by the interviewing teams.
In the households interviewed, 14,390 women were identified as eligible for the individual interview (i.e. age 15-49) and interviews were completed for 13,983 or 97 percent of them. The principal reason for non-response among eligible women was the failure to find them at home despite repeated visits to the household. The refusal rate was low.
In the households interviewed, 14,390 women were identified as eligible for the individual interview (i.e. age 15-49) and interviews were completed for 13,983 or 97 percent of them. The principal reason for non-response among eligible women was the failure to find them at home despite repeated visits to the household. The refusal rate was low.
Data Collection
Start | End | Cycle |
---|---|---|
1998-03-03 | 1998-05-15 |
Start | End | Cycle |
---|---|---|
1993-01-01 | 1998-05-15 |
Face-to-face [f2f]
Fieldwork for the NDHS was carried out by 44 interviewing teams. Each team, except that which covered Palawan, Lanao del Sur and Maguindanao, consisted of 1 supervisor, 1 field editor, and 3-7 female interviewers, for a total of 348 field staff. Fieldwork commenced on 3 March 1998 and was completed in the first week of May 1998. Periodic field monitoring of the NDHS operations was done by the NSO regional and provincial officials, NDHS regional supervisors and selected NSO central office staff.
There were three types of questionnaires used for the 1998 NDHS: the Household Questionnaire 0xrDHS Form 1), the Individual Questionnaire (NDHS Form 2), and the Health Module (NDHS Form 3). The contents of the first two questionnaires were based on the DHS Model A Questionnaire, which is designed for use in countries with relatively high levels of contraceptive use. These model questionnaires were adapted for use in the Philippines during a series of meetings with representatives from the DOH, UPPI, POPCOM, FNRI, USAID/Philippines, and Macro International Inc. Draft questionnaires were then circulated to other interested groups. These questionnaires were developed in English (see Appendix E) and were translated into six of the most common dialects, namely, Tagalog, Cebuano, Ilocano, Bicol, Hiligaynon, and Waray.
NDHS Form 1 - HOUSEHOLD QUESTIONNAIRE
The Household (HH) Questionnaire was used to list all the usual members of the sample household, and visitors who slept in the sample household the night prior to the date of interview and some of their characteristics such as name, age, sex, education, relationship to household head, and usual residence. Information on age and sex from the HH Questionnaire was used to identify eligible women for interview using the Individual Questionnaire. Questions about the dwelling such as the source of drinking water, type of toilet facilities, ownership of various consumer goods and use of iodized were also included in the Household Questionnaire.
NDHS Form 2 - INDIVIDUAL QUESTIONNAIRE
The Individual Questionnaire was used to collect information on the following top!cs:
• Respondent's background characteristics (age, education, religion, etc.)
• Reproductive history and fertility preferences
• Knowledge and use of contraception
• Availability of family planning supplies and services
• Pregnancy and breastfeeding
• Child immunization and health
• Marriage
• Husband's background, woman's work and residences
• Maternal mortality
NDHS Form 3 - HEALTH MODULE
The Health Questionnaire was developed in close collaboration with the DOH in partial substitution for the cancelled National Health Survey, It included questions on health practice s of the household, awareness about selected communicable ~ind non-communicable diseases, utilization of and satisfaction with various types of health facilities, knowledge concerning traditional medicines, and health care financing.
NDHS Form 1 - HOUSEHOLD QUESTIONNAIRE
The Household (HH) Questionnaire was used to list all the usual members of the sample household, and visitors who slept in the sample household the night prior to the date of interview and some of their characteristics such as name, age, sex, education, relationship to household head, and usual residence. Information on age and sex from the HH Questionnaire was used to identify eligible women for interview using the Individual Questionnaire. Questions about the dwelling such as the source of drinking water, type of toilet facilities, ownership of various consumer goods and use of iodized were also included in the Household Questionnaire.
NDHS Form 2 - INDIVIDUAL QUESTIONNAIRE
The Individual Questionnaire was used to collect information on the following top!cs:
• Respondent's background characteristics (age, education, religion, etc.)
• Reproductive history and fertility preferences
• Knowledge and use of contraception
• Availability of family planning supplies and services
• Pregnancy and breastfeeding
• Child immunization and health
• Marriage
• Husband's background, woman's work and residences
• Maternal mortality
NDHS Form 3 - HEALTH MODULE
The Health Questionnaire was developed in close collaboration with the DOH in partial substitution for the cancelled National Health Survey, It included questions on health practice s of the household, awareness about selected communicable ~ind non-communicable diseases, utilization of and satisfaction with various types of health facilities, knowledge concerning traditional medicines, and health care financing.
Name | Abbreviation | Affiliation |
---|---|---|
National Statistics Office | NSO | NEDA |
Data Processing
Review and editing of NDHS questionnaires was done by the field editors while they were in the enumeration areas to facilitate the verification of the forms. The editors were expected to review questionnaires of at least 8 households per day. The supervisors of teams with more than four interviewers assisted the editors in reviewing the questionnaires.
Folioing of forms was done by the team supervisors before submission to the Provincial Office. The Provincial Statistics Officers were responsible for the transmittal of these forms to the Central Office.
On March 16, 1998, eighteen hired NDHS data processors started the data processing at the Central Office. Office editing, data entry, key verification (100%), and machine processing were done simultaneously. There were two stages involved in the machine processing. In the first stage, keyed-in data were checked for completeness and were matched with the verification data. In the second stage, inconsistencies in the data were noted and checked. All the data processing activities were completed on June 30, 1998.
Folioing of forms was done by the team supervisors before submission to the Provincial Office. The Provincial Statistics Officers were responsible for the transmittal of these forms to the Central Office.
On March 16, 1998, eighteen hired NDHS data processors started the data processing at the Central Office. Office editing, data entry, key verification (100%), and machine processing were done simultaneously. There were two stages involved in the machine processing. In the first stage, keyed-in data were checked for completeness and were matched with the verification data. In the second stage, inconsistencies in the data were noted and checked. All the data processing activities were completed on June 30, 1998.
Data Appraisal
QUALITY OF THE DATA: NONSAMPLING ERRORS
Slight heaping on ages ending with 0 and 5 is detected throughout all ages for both sexes. Errors are particularly notable in the age reporting at ages 15 and 49 years--the lower and upper limits of eligibility for individual in the NDHS interview. The age ratios at 15 for women is 1.00, while for men it is 0.95 indicating a better age reporting by the females at this age. At age 49, the ratios are 0.93 and 0.97 for women and men, respectively, demonstrating the tendency for both males and females to either understate or overstate their age.
Household weights are applied to the age distribution of women reported in the individual interview, to investigate if there is a bias in the age reporting in the individual woman's interview.
The expected pattern of declining percentage as age increases, and that there is virtually no difference between the age distribution of women recorded in the household schedule and those interviewed with the individual questionnaire, indicating the absence of a bias. Response rates vary slightly across the age of the respondents.
With the exception of information on child's size at birth, the percentage of eases with missing information is extraordinarily low, and information on dating, of events seem to be complete.
There is a slight heaping in the reported total number of births in 1990 and the number of children still living. Information on month and year of birth is available for virtually all
children. Birth dates of dead children are less complete than for surviving children; nevertheless, this information is known for 95.8 percent of children. The overall sex ratio at birth for all births is 106, while from year to year there are fluctuations without any indication of bias except for 1995 when overall sex ratio at birth was unusually high at 127. Sex ratio for dead children is much higher than for surviving children, indicating higher mortality among male children. The calendar ratios show that there was a transference of births from 1991 to the earlier and later years. The ratio of births in 1991 to the average of the two adjoining years is 0.96, while the ratios for 1990 and 1991 are 1.02 and 1.06, respectively.
The percentage of early neonatal deaths (deaths within the first 7 days after birth) among all neonatal deaths (deaths within the first month of birth) increases as infant mortaIity decreases. However, there is a decreasing proportion of neonatal among infant deaths. It should also be noted that heaping at age I2 months is more apparent in the more distant past (5 years or more prior to the survey) than in the most recent period, demonstrating that reporting of age at death is improving.
Slight heaping on ages ending with 0 and 5 is detected throughout all ages for both sexes. Errors are particularly notable in the age reporting at ages 15 and 49 years--the lower and upper limits of eligibility for individual in the NDHS interview. The age ratios at 15 for women is 1.00, while for men it is 0.95 indicating a better age reporting by the females at this age. At age 49, the ratios are 0.93 and 0.97 for women and men, respectively, demonstrating the tendency for both males and females to either understate or overstate their age.
Household weights are applied to the age distribution of women reported in the individual interview, to investigate if there is a bias in the age reporting in the individual woman's interview.
The expected pattern of declining percentage as age increases, and that there is virtually no difference between the age distribution of women recorded in the household schedule and those interviewed with the individual questionnaire, indicating the absence of a bias. Response rates vary slightly across the age of the respondents.
With the exception of information on child's size at birth, the percentage of eases with missing information is extraordinarily low, and information on dating, of events seem to be complete.
There is a slight heaping in the reported total number of births in 1990 and the number of children still living. Information on month and year of birth is available for virtually all
children. Birth dates of dead children are less complete than for surviving children; nevertheless, this information is known for 95.8 percent of children. The overall sex ratio at birth for all births is 106, while from year to year there are fluctuations without any indication of bias except for 1995 when overall sex ratio at birth was unusually high at 127. Sex ratio for dead children is much higher than for surviving children, indicating higher mortality among male children. The calendar ratios show that there was a transference of births from 1991 to the earlier and later years. The ratio of births in 1991 to the average of the two adjoining years is 0.96, while the ratios for 1990 and 1991 are 1.02 and 1.06, respectively.
The percentage of early neonatal deaths (deaths within the first 7 days after birth) among all neonatal deaths (deaths within the first month of birth) increases as infant mortaIity decreases. However, there is a decreasing proportion of neonatal among infant deaths. It should also be noted that heaping at age I2 months is more apparent in the more distant past (5 years or more prior to the survey) than in the most recent period, demonstrating that reporting of age at death is improving.
Data access
Name | Affiliation | URI | |
---|---|---|---|
Databank and Information Services Division (DISD) | National Statistics Office | info@census.gov.ph | http://www.census.gov.ph |
Macro International Inc. | ORC Macro | http://www.measuredhs.com |
Authorization to use this data is granted only to the client or data user and persons within its organization, if applicable. Under no circumstances shall the client reproduce, distribute, sell or lend the entire data or parts thereof to any other data user apart from himself or that of authorized employees in his organization. The NSO shall hold the data user fully responsible for safeguarding the data from any unauthorized access or use.
Before being granted access to the dataset, all users have to formally agree:
1. To make no copies of any files or portions of files to which s/he is granted access except those authorized by the NSO.
2. Not to use any technique in an attempt to learn the identity of any person, establishment, or sampling unit not identified in the dataset.
3. To hold in strictest confidence the identification of any establishment or individual that may be inadvertently revealed in any documents or discussion, or analysis. Such inadvertent identification revealed in her/his analysis will be immediately be reported to the NSO.
Before being granted access to the dataset, all users have to formally agree:
1. To make no copies of any files or portions of files to which s/he is granted access except those authorized by the NSO.
2. Not to use any technique in an attempt to learn the identity of any person, establishment, or sampling unit not identified in the dataset.
3. To hold in strictest confidence the identification of any establishment or individual that may be inadvertently revealed in any documents or discussion, or analysis. Such inadvertent identification revealed in her/his analysis will be immediately be reported to the NSO.
Any report, paper or similar articles, whether published or not, emanating from the use of this data shall give appropriate acknowledgement as suggested herein, "National Statistics Ofice (NSO), Department of Health (DOH) [Philippines] and Macro International Inc. (MI). 1999. National Demographic and Health Survey 1998. Manila: NSO and MI", as the source of basic data. The data user or client is encouraged to provide NSO with a copy of such report, paper or article. It is understood that unless expressly allowed by the client, such report, paper or article shall not be used for any purpose other than monitoring.
Disclaimer and copyrights
The NSO gives no warranty that the data are free from errors. Hence, the NSO shall not be held responsible for any loss or damage as a result of the client's manipulation or tabulation of the data.
The data user acknowledges that any available intellectual property rights, including copyright in the data are owned by the National Statistics Office.
contacts
Name | Affiliation | URI | |
---|---|---|---|
Databank and Information Services Division (DISD) | National Statistics Office | info@census.gov.ph | http://www.census.gov.ph |
Macro International Inc. | ORC Macro | http://www.measuredhs.com |